Forgotten weapons has done a great video on this
Ian was, I think, being remarkably polite.
Starting off by explaining that firearms manufacturers, since the late 1800s gave been aware of the need to mitigate against the effects of failures in their weapons causing injury to their users, and demonstrating the many ways in which they have been developed.
Then, briefly, saying that any weapon should incorporate such features to minimise the chance of bits of it coming back to strike the user. And alluding to the absence of anything in the RN-50 to do so.
As to potential defects in manufacture, well take a look at a tour of the Birmingham Proof House "black museum". The first object on display:
As to the SLAP round in question, according to
Saboted light armor penetrator - Wikipedia
The 12.7×99mm round is designated as the M903 (standard) and M962 (tracer)
Production
The SLAP family of ammunition is produced by the Winchester Cartridge Company and Olin Manufacturing. The team began production of the ammunition in 1985. The sabot that contains the sub-caliber is manufactured by Cytec Industries.
So not that old necessarily. It's certainly an unconventional sort of thing to be shooting through a rifle only designed for standard civilian ammunition. From what I have read, the sabot is of polymer construction, holding the steel penetrator.
Lets see, supposedly this rifle, when new and in good shape, might give way at 85,000 psi. plus. Yet, as I have explained, Nato 12.7x99mm ammo has a service pressure of 60,481 psi. Not the 53,663 psi of civilian ammo. Proof rounds are 75,608 psi. That is a large difference. Designed factor of "safety" shooting Nato ammo (even if every RN-50 was actually proofed to Nato pressure using the Nato CIP methodology) would be a mere 13%.
I am entirely unsurprised that the rifle let go, nor that the chap suffered such grievous injuries, given the total lack of mitigation in this rifle's unconventional design.
Bad ammo could certainly have been a contributing factor, but the warning signs were also there to see.