Who needs a borescope if you have one of these ?
WWI Pattern Armourers Bore Viewer Tool for Enfields. Simply hold in breech of rifle, view from muzzle, mirror reflects light for barrel inspection.
www.henrykrank.com
PS: have you considered trying electrolysis ? Will certainly get iron oxides out, and also copper. Never tried it, but the science is sound.
I agree that that that firecracking looks horrendous ( not that I know much about this) and possibly bits of it may have broken off, got into the grooves, then created the pits once forced into them.
Why are there no pits seen in the lands ? If they were due to inclusions in the steel during manufacture I would expect them to be evenly distributed between lands and grooves. Therefore I suspect that they have been induced by the above process.
I am also puzzled by the longitudinal striations in the grooves, and also lands, seen all the way down the barrel and even at the muzzle. Suggesting to me that they have been there since new. And may have formed a "starter" for the fire cracking to develop.
What do your other good barrels look like ? Similar or different ?
What powder are you using ?
TBH, if it looks this bad after only 600 rounds, it is not going to improve with further shooting, I think your "cheesegrater" view of the effects on copper (or gilding metal jacketed lead) is apt. You seem to have got the rest of the barrel pretty clean now, so if it still won't shoot, probably time for a new barrel. And of course, borescope it first before accepting it, in case you can see anything untoward, or different, from your good ones.
There is of course the "firelapping" concept, that allegedly might smooth out some parts such as the throat, but I'd have to be absolutely desperate to consider putting abrasive coated bullets down a barrel.