Not if the bolt face is wrong, a .223 is built on the same action but bolt gave us smaller so won’t work for .308, though you could go .308 to 30-06 for example
Indeed so. All features of the bolt head must fit the cartridge. Diameter, extractor, ejector ... Approximately.
This is purely a fit and function issue. The bolt head merely has to bear the thrust of the case when fired. Which simplistically put is the peak pressure multiplied by the internal cross section area of the cartridge at it's widest point. Of course it is actually much less, because of the grip between the brass and the chamber walls once it has obturated. Unless the user has done something careless, such as leaving case lube on their reloads, or not cleaned out preservative oil from the chamber before use.
Or a proof house has loaded an intentionally over pressure round, liberally slathered in oil.
The case head is unsupported by the bolt head, other than the rearwards thrust. The pressure is contained entirely by the thick, work hardened, brass here. The bolt head plays no part in containing the radial forces. Other than to deflect the gases, particles and metal fragments in a least harmful manner, in the event of a failure of the cartridge.
The nearest that I could find as to interoperability is by looking at the variety of interchangeable bolt heads for the Blaser system.
E.g. looking at
Blaser R8 Bolt Heads and Knobs I see that they offer at least the following, presumably all slightly different, bolt heads:
mini
standard
medium
jeffery
magnum
ultra magnum
lapua magnum
All that I can read from this, is that, for my chamberings of interest, mini, medium and standard would cover all my bases.
However the Blaser system, which I would not consider to be a traditional turnbolt, may be more sophisticated, and tolerant of mismatches, than most bolt guns, .
OK, to re-barrel something into a different chambering that you think might please you, having possibly over analysed and been misled by some random online witterings, there are many things to consider.
Action length, magazine compatibility, bolt design and whatever. And who is going to do it for you ? Are they any good ? Done it before ? What is their advice (other than that they would be prepared to have a go, deposit up front, no barrel nor reamer nor chamber gauges in stock. So that would add to the price. In full, timescale relaxed, apparently far too busy, or too lazy, or simply completely out of their depth.
As for buying something with the immediate intention to take it apart, well, that seems illogical.
So, I have been no help.