Why all the drama? You asked for proof of lead shot ingestion in birds and so far you have had UK studies on grey partridge, red grouse, pheasant, and red-legs to review. You may not be BASC's biggest fan but as a person I believe to be of some intellect you might give thought to the science you asked for. And we have not even started on UK wildfowl. Maybe a video from 9 years ago by WWT would be preferable to paperwork, this includes case studies in swans and ducks and interviews with Danish hunters and those in the gun/ammo trade.
What’s this a ten year anniversary video Conor?
Continuing the merry go round of regurgitation? A fine example of emotive propaganda extrapolating the known toxic properties of lead shot.
I sincerely hope ‘McSpredder’ from the pigeon watch forum won’t object to me quoting his post from 2015 but it does a pretty good job of summing up my thoughts on the matter.
November 27, 2015
comment_2948760
1. Why does the front cover of the Oxford Lead Symposium report have a diagram of shotgun pellets falling to the ground and being picked up by a swan? Scientific opinion in the report suggests shotgun pellets were never implicated in lead poisoning of swans. Did the publishers hope somebody seeing the front cover would (wrongly) assume it was supported by scientific evidence? Was this a deliberate attempt to deceive, or just an example of slipshod work by the two editors?
2. In relation to the poisoning of swans in the 1980s, Professor Newton wrote "These birds got their lead mainly from fishing-weights rather than gunshot." Professor Perrins said "...the sale and use of the most commonly used sizes of fishing leads were forbidden. The result was dramatic, nationally the mute swan population doubled in the next ten years." As he has made such an unequivocal statement, and attributed the increase in swan population solely to the banning of lead angling weights, we must assume that Professor Perrins carefully considered and ruled out all other causes, including shotgun pellets. More recently, he published a paper in the journal Avian Pathology, in which he reported levels of lead found in the blood of swans and stated categorically that "No source of this lead has been identified other than lead fishing weights."
3. BASC have already pointed out the absence of any data supporting a headline claim that 50,000-100,000 wildfowl die each winter in UK from lead poisoning, and it seems the figures were simply guesswork. There is one table (page 67) in which the authors brazenly admit that data has been fabricated - they took the number of swans found dead from all causes, and deliberately inserted those same figures into their table under a column heading "Birds shot by hunters". Another notable feature of that same table is the complete absence of any data obtained in modern times -
some of the information was published 65 years ago, and even the most recent is at least 32 years out of date. A comment from me - and we can now add on another 10 years
4. What does this report say about the state of science in UK? Professors from the Universities of Exeter and Dundee, who edited the symposium report, have involved themselves in publishing claims about wildfowl deaths that were probably nothing more than guesswork, and have approved use of at least one table containing deliberately fabricated data. Should I be shocked, or is this the sort of behaviour that most senior academics (and Fellows of the Royal Society, such as Professor Perrins) would happily endorse nowadays? The report was published by the University of Oxford, which needs to attract students from around the world, and industrial partners for research; it might not be very good for university reputations if somebody made a critical assessment of the report and circulated it around the web under a title such as "Oxford University's Dodgy Dossier."
5. The standard of scientific reporting about wildlife and lead ammunition has sometimes been extraordinarily lax. In one example the authors stated that "The aim of this study was to assess whether lead ammunition could pose a risk to red kite..." but their collection of data was remarkably haphazard. Young kites in captivity were said to have been fed "a variety of prey, many of which had been shot" but the authors either did not know or else could not be bothered to indicate the numbers or the proportion that had been shot. They wrote: "We evaluated exposure to Pb in captive and wild red kites by taking blood samples from 125 captive young red kites.....The birds sampled originated predominantly from the UK and Spain." In other words, an unreported number were obtained in UK, an unreported number were brought from Spain, and an unreported number came were from other unspecified places. It was said that "Carcasses of reintroduced red kites, and a few sick birds, were collected" and obviously the authors either did not know or else could not be bothered to report how many of the birds had been sick when collected. The investigators were incapable, even with the aid of radiography, of finding out where a rifle bullet had entered a rabbit carcase. "Four rabbits shot using a .22 bullet were obtained and radiographed dorso-ventrally. The rabbits were also skinned to identify the site of entry of the bullet..... The bullet entry hole was not identified in a fourth rabbit." Some of the carcases examined were already decomposed, and three quarters of the post-mortem examinations failed to diagnose the cause of death: "Post mortem results and subsequent analyses did not establish a significant diagnosis in 66 of the 87 birds for which either liver or bone concentrations were available; some carcasses were decomposed or in poor condition. Post mortem results and subsequent analyses did not establish a significant diagnosis in 66 of the 87 birds for which either liver or bone concentrations were available; some carcasses were decomposed or in poor condition."
Does that sound like rigorous scientific reporting? Well, it was used as Primary Evidence by the Lead Ammunition Group, and the senior author was one of the two people who wrote to the Secretary of State claiming that reports from other organisations "...contain flaws and were not sufficiently rigorous." As a result of their lobbying, the LAG was established.