.308 copper

Indeed design and construction is a factor. But my point is- that its possible- in fact routine- for a lead hunting bullet to perform and expand reliably at 5-350 yards.

Can you name a lead free bullet that can do this as well ?

If you insist on specifics- then find me a lead free bullet that performs in as broad a speed window- 5-350 yards- as a Game King.
Yew Tree TLR springs to mind, probably the standard Yew Tree too, a couple of offerings from Virtus would do too.

There are many more that I've not personally researched or used (much the same as lead alternatives) and if you want to explore the details then I suggest you do some of your own research to find out what copper is available and how varied they are between themselves.
 
Lapua Naturalis 490m/s to 1000m/s

I would only use the 180gr and heavyer Game King on big animals it tend to break apart even in .308w velosity. Or keep the impact speed at 700m/s or below with lighter bullets.
 
From Barnes, on another forum. Min expansion velocity:

130 TTSX = 1800
150 TTSX = 2000
165 TTSX = 1800
168 TTSX = 1500
175 LRX = 1600
I have seen those same figures on the other forum before - the key is the definition of expansion. Their definition is there is deformation of the tip, ie the petals have started to ‘flower’ even if only by a tiny amount. (Example attached - not my image)

AEF7E6E0-0C17-49EA-B5EB-80AC3D5E3293.webp

In my real world testing on UK deer (mainly red and roe) I have seen the wound channel begin to narrow up (even if it did still kill quickly) at 2200 FPS. This is where I (and other who have also seen the same) have set the limit of where we feel workable ‘expansion’ is occurring. You are welcome to push it lower, but I personally wouldn’t were it me, I would be choosing a bullet that I know from my testing will perform (in the case of the Merlins fragment) at much lower velocities.

Ben
 
If you insist on specifics- then find me a lead free bullet that performs in as broad a speed window- 5-350 yards- as a Game King.
Easy - Yew Tree TLR

I tested the .30 148 Grain TLR (I believe they’re soon to be released properly) which worked phenomenally for me, I was pushing it at 3460 FPS out of my WSM (even on a 40 yard roe doe it didn’t explode or make a stupid mess) and it will still be fragmenting at 2000 FPS (or possibly lower) which is where Richard guarantees the performance to. That give me with the estimated BC I calculated (therefore give or take 25m or so) 0-780m with the velocity

If I was pushing it at 2800FPS out of a .308 I would get 0-450m before it reached the 2000 FPS mark.

Copper shouldn’t be lumped together as many different designs exist with different advantages to each.

Ben
 
An interesting read and I'm happy to be corrected but.......

Isn't the issue with copper is that it doesn't expand well at lower speeds ? And doesn't it slow down quicker than lead ? Even if it starts quicker (because it's lighter)?

If a bullet doesn't expand- it often exits. Exits being pretty common from a non expanding bullet. Thus guaranteed exit isn't necessarily a good thing as at least some energy has failed to be deposited in the animal. (bullet exit has other advantages of course).
Of course its an issue if a bullet does not expand at all in the case of a lung shot , very unlikely it will survive it but its going to be very hard to find it ! In the case of bow hunting its been known for deer to survive a lung shot and although i haven't witnessed this 9 having never hunted with a bow) i have seen photographs of deer lung with an obvious broad head shaped scaring to the lungs . Fact is good quality copper like Barnes TTSX is i have found very very good at killing deer ! I was unsure like many at first time hunting with copper bullets BUT THROUGH USE ON DEER I have actually found them absolutely Fantastic on terminal performance of deer . Deeper penetration than lead of any kind i have ever used and zero break up issues ( that i have experienced with lead ) . It is only natural that as range increases , velocity drops and this is and always has been a problem with lead and its not going to be any better with copper - So we must keep a check on ranges and avoid running the slow side with heavy for calibre and the flip side short distance shots at high velocity ( this last issue wont be any issue with a Barnes TTSX copper but it will be with lead ) I have had a few bullets in lead not exit at short range when sent really fast ! This is a none issue with copper Barnes TTSX . I Have not shot any other copper or other monolithic bullets into deer besides Barnes and i have been shooting copper from the time of the last lockdown . I have some other brands , with different design but i am leaving them in the gunroom ( where they have been for that afore mentioned timescale ) .
Finally , if we got to keep lead i am pretty sure i would continue shooting all my deer with Barnes or any other bullet in copper that did the same . I would carry on shooting steel on all edible shotgun quarry because i am well used to it from wildfowling, I laugh at guys who say steel doesn't kill well , having dropped Geese with duck shells at modest ranges and dropped plenty of foreshore geese stone dead at good heights with it . Seriously dont get why i wont be legal shooting feral pigeons from Barnes , or rats with 22 lead pellets around the farms ( its not like any sane person would not clear up the slain ) , Still going to shoot rabbits for the pot with 40 grain lead RF and copper jacket lead from the .22 Hornet (and eat them) because i simply dont eat the head or the forward section of the head anyhow .
 
Indeed design and construction is a factor. But my point is- that its possible- in fact routine- for a lead hunting bullet to perform and expand reliably at 5-350 yards.

Can you name a lead free bullet that can do this as well ?

If you insist on specifics- then find me a lead free bullet that performs in as broad a speed window- 5-350 yards- as a Game King.
Shot loads of Gamekings and Pro-Hunter bullets from 243, 7-o8 , 308 . Good bullets for sure ! Dont even come close to the Barnes TTSX though when we talk deer in my experience. No disrespect mind just saying it how it is . 100 grain TTSX at 3300 fps from the 260 has done little muntjac proper close in though the range of species to big boy Stags to 400 yards. I have even made two mistakes culling , beasts that i doubt would have dropped so well to lead only one of those needed a second shot but he dropped holding his head up within a dash of 100-150 say ? Misread what later showed a much higher wind channelled unseen and not noticeable between us, quartering away from me , aim taken to enter at the rear rib ( yeah not ideal but culling it like that cant choose broadside tucked in behind the shoulder broadside) bullet went in just forward of the haunch , travelled though his huge stomach full to the brim with food into the chest cavity but only enough to get past the diaphragm. This was with 100 grain TTSX , would a game king have done that at the range ? Not in my experience ! The fast break-up and loss of mass as the bullet was passing through that full to the brim grass bag would have stopped well short if it was 100, 140 or 150 grains . Like i stress it was a mistake but the 100grn TTSX gave me the chance to put things right ! I suspect the extra weight / energy of the 120 version would have made the extra distance but i still , if i new how hard that wind was channelled through the two peaks i wouldn't have taken it . I have a goodly collection of spent TTSX now near enough every broadside shot ( some of them at above the distance most should or could shoot ) most bullets are recovered either just inside the exit hole or in the grass unless one petal breaks off on bone , have had none that failed to expand but around 400 plus although the 100 grain TTSX do slow up on a steep curve from the 3300 fps there is then very visible less expansion and bullets almost literally fall out the opposite side and i have picked them up!
Short range though compared to cup and core lead I would add that I am getting 100 % weight retention at impact speeds that would blow cup and core lead so bad that it would be likely there would be excess carcass damage or no exit hole , good as they where i wouldn't go back !
Varmint type bullets seem sadly lacking at present in none toxic , especially is std 1-12 , 1-14 , 1-16 and copper ( although its early days for me shooting small stuff with copper ) I have been on the ECX copper from Hornady (50 grain copper from the 223) and i am pretty sure i am getting crows flying off after hits for not having the expansion their light body mass. ( i saw this previously in 17 HMR lead at longer ranges) .
 
An interesting read and I'm happy to be corrected but.......

Isn't the issue with copper is that it doesn't expand well at lower speeds ? And doesn't it slow down quicker than lead ? Even if it starts quicker (because it's lighter)?

If a bullet doesn't expand- it often exits. Exits being pretty common from a non expanding bullet. Thus guaranteed exit isn't necessarily a good thing as at least some energy has failed to be deposited in the animal. (bullet exit has other advantages of course).
Yes as bullets slow down there is less energy to initiate expansion.

However bullet manufacturers spend a lot of time ensuring adequate expansion. Most of the copper bullets will reliably expand at velocities down to 1,650 fps.

In practice just about any load using a modern copper bullet - Barnes, Fox, Peregrine etc will have more than enough velocity to provide adequate expansion at well over normal deer stalking ranges.

For example I use RWS HIT (which I believe is in fact a Barnes) 140gn copper in 7x65r. MV is 2917, at 300yds its 2,327 and if sights are 1.6” high at 100 yds its 6.3” low at 300.

Personally haven’t shot deer at 300 with it, but have shot several at 200 and they all drop dead very quickly with a good wound channel right through the body.

I have seen similar performance with Fox, Sako Blades, Peregrine and Barnes.

Any additional cost is more than made for by much less meat damage and cleaner carcass resulting in greater recovery of meat.
 
Yes as bullets slow down there is less energy to initiate expansion.

However bullet manufacturers spend a lot of time ensuring adequate expansion. Most of the copper bullets will reliably expand at velocities down to 1,650 fps.

In practice just about any load using a modern copper bullet - Barnes, Fox, Peregrine etc will have more than enough velocity to provide adequate expansion at well over normal deer stalking ranges.

For example I use RWS HIT (which I believe is in fact a Barnes) 140gn copper in 7x65r. MV is 2917, at 300yds its 2,327 and if sights are 1.6” high at 100 yds its 6.3” low at 300.

Personally haven’t shot deer at 300 with it, but have shot several at 200 and they all drop dead very quickly with a good wound channel right through the body.

I have seen similar performance with Fox, Sako Blades, Peregrine and Barnes.

Any additional cost is more than made for by much less meat damage and cleaner carcass resulting in greater recovery of meat.
dont forget the un-seen contamination from the lead that is lost , its not really lost of course it just sprayed onto and into the meat in fine particles " yummy eh ?" , 80-90% weight retention is something amazing in a lead bullet ( also very rare ) its very likely much more than that
 
dont forget the un-seen contamination from the lead that is lost , its not really lost of course it just sprayed onto and into the meat in fine particles " yummy eh ?" , 80-90% weight retention is something amazing in a lead bullet ( also very rare ) its very likely much more than that
But many on SD would state that lead is very yummy, and despite all the conspiracy theories by the WHO etc. lead does not do you any harm whatsoever. Besides is not the WHO a geriatric rock band? I believe that some now put lead pellets in their pepper grinders just to add more flavour :)
 
But many on SD would state that lead is very yummy, and despite all the conspiracy theories by the WHO etc. lead does not do you any harm whatsoever. Besides is not the WHO a geriatric rock band? I believe that some now put lead pellets in their pepper grinders just to add more flavour :)
If i could go back and erase the toxins that i have been exposed to in work i would do ! I feel like the horses have bolted way too far but i do try my best " mostly " Asbestos blankets in pre-heating , no masks grinding , extraction systems that consisted of opening the door etc.
 
My Tikka T3 works well with Federal 150 grain copper ammo.

Tried the Winchester Extreme 150 grain copper ammo, but this grouped very poorly with the T3 and certainly would not be suitable for longer shots on open hillside.
 
Most of the copper bullets will reliably expand at velocities down to 1,650 fps.

No they won't.

In practice just about any load using a modern copper bullet - Barnes, Fox, Peregrine etc will have more than enough velocity to provide adequate expansion at well over normal deer stalking ranges.

Yes they will, when you steer away from the heavier offerings and use light or at most moderate weight for caliber.

For example I use RWS HIT (which I believe is in fact a Barnes) 140gn copper in 7x65r. MV is 2917, at 300yds its 2,327 and if sights are 1.6” high at 100 yds its 6.3” low at 300.

Personally haven’t shot deer at 300 with it, but have shot several at 200 and they all drop dead very quickly with a good wound channel right through the body.

I have seen similar performance with Fox, Sako Blades, Peregrine and Barnes.

Why are you mixing trajectory with terminal velocity? Of course they have relation, but when talking about terminal performance the trajectory is not relevant. Also 200y terminal performance is not relevant to 300y terminal performance, that seems to be a relevant distance (otherwise you hadn't mentioned it).
 
I tested the .30 148 Grain TLR (I believe they’re soon to be released properly) which worked phenomenally for me, I was pushing it at 3460 FPS out of my WSM (even on a 40 yard roe doe it didn’t explode or make a stupid mess)

I have hard time believing 30cal bullet arriving at 3300+ FPS "don't make a stupid mess" in such a small carcass as roe. Or are you talking about head or neck shots? Where no bullet would "make stupid mess".

Also based on previous threads, Yew Tree seems to mislead their customers by stating high BC numbers for certain velocity windows, that then drop like stone. E.g. 30cal 119gr TLR has .610 over 2765 FPS and .310 for 2426-2765 FPS.
 
In 308, 150gr class bullet with decent BC (G1 > .450) will leave the muzzle south of 900m/s but beat the velocity of 130gr class bullet (BC around .350 G1) at 300 meters or so.

There might be some distance range that lighter bullets are preferable, but the slower initial velocity (near shot carcass damage, and reduced fouling) and better velocity at longer distances make 150gr class kind of no-brainer.

If you go much heavier (longer) you start to have stabilization issues. Also bullet that is marginally stable in flight might have issues in terminal performance.
 
I have hard time believing 30cal bullet arriving at 3300+ FPS "don't make a stupid mess" in such a small carcass as roe. Or are you talking about head or neck shots? Where no bullet would "make stupid mess".

Also based on previous threads, Yew Tree seems to mislead their customers by stating high BC numbers for certain velocity windows, that then drop like stone. E.g. 30cal 119gr TLR has .610 over 2765 FPS and .310 for 2426-2765 FPS.
Okay here you go, these are the pictures from that roe at sub 50m - exit shown. It hasn’t blown up and left stupid exits like I have seen the frangible lead (that this is really compatible to) do.

510C552D-E42A-40B5-B28A-2FA9EB26C656.webp
CDBAFBDC-23FB-43A9-811D-C6DB3F9C8499.webp
No worse than these two shot with the Barnes TTSX 150s or 175 LRXs out the .300 (these two were shot at 100-150m not sub 50m too)
5706699D-47DC-42DD-A288-13AB25D39F67.webp

Regarding the G1 BCs that Rich states I haven’t used them so I cannot comment, as we weren’t provided that info due to the bullet still being in a testing phase. I worked out a rough G7 BC based off Labradar data, hence I say it’s only an estimate.

I’m sure @Yew Tree Fieldsports can go into more detail about his BCs for you though as I don’t believe he is trying to mislead people as you say.

Ben
 
With regards to expansion on copper bullets ....... There is a whole lot of rubbish out there that fails to expand ! This can be the factory not making anything like claimed velocity in their loads or rubbish bullets that are techy about if they expand or not .
I have seen it with my own eyes, not all copper is up to what we require.
 
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