Rewulf
Well-Known Member
From the study conclusion.for example this recent study of geese on Islay in Scotland https://pureadmin.uhi.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/38784090/120_Ibis_Geese_on_Islay_Pb_shot.pdf
In the UK, the risk of lead poisoning in wildfowl due to ingestion of spent lead shot persists(Newth et al. 2012), with lead shot ingestion estimated to kill 50 000–100 000 wildfowl in the UK every winter (Mateo 2009, Pain et al. 2015, Green& Pain 2016). Phasing out the use of lead shot,specifically in wetlands, is widely recognized as acritical solution in protecting numerous species and has recently been brought into practice by the European Union, with many countries also implementing further legislation and regulations to limit its use (Avery & Watson 2009, Mateo 2009, Pain et al. 2019). The results of this study demonstrate how banning the use of lead shot in Ramsar wetlands that encompass key roosting sites with high compliance and enforcement can minimize but not eliminate lead shot ingestion. Therefore, the recent European Union ban on lead shot use over wetlands may reduce lead ingestion in waterfowl but, because foraging occurs outside wetlands for many waterfowl species, further restrictions covering additional key foraging sites may help to mitigate the future risk of lead poisoning. The enforcement of such lead shot bans is also key, with a voluntary phasing out of lead-based ammunition for wild-shot game birds (e.g. Common Pheasants Phasianus colchicus) so far proving ineffective because of very low compliance (Greenet al. 2021, 2022). Going forward, safeguarding wildfowl from lead could benefit from greater spatial restrictions on the use of lead shot and further monitoring of shooting and hunting practices to ensure high compliance rates with legislation
