Lets face it shotguns have always been a short range proposition. If you look back to say the 2nd Edition of the “New Wildfowler” max effective range of a 12 bore 2 3/4” cartridge with 1 1/4oz of shot was about 40 yds. Going to 3” magnum with 1 1/2 oz or even 10 bore you were only at 50 yards. That was 30 years ago.
Yet everyone now seems to think its perfectly ethical to blaze away at 60 plus yard phaesants, and are whinging that steel doesn’t give them this ability. I rather question how many such high birds are pricked and go on to die later and just end supporting the fox population.
Keep the ranges reasonable, put the bird in middle of pattern and birds die. I have used no 4 steel and no 5 steel. I think no5 with more pellets probably hits harder, but I have been using 28gram No 4 steel Eley Grand Prix steel in my Alex Martin ribless, and most phaesant and duck are dead in the air. I have also bowled over a hare at 30 yards, and a fox at 20. Both were dead on the spot and no need for a second shot.
I do have high velocity 3” steel proofed no 4s which use in my Franchi Affinity on the foreshore. They kill well, but can’t say that on duck they kill any better than yhe Eley Grand Prix. They are however significantly more effective on killing my bank account.