EU is governed by the EU parliament to which each country elects several MEPs to represent their interests. Theses MEPs are elected by the people within their own country. UK electorate never showed any interest and self serving idiots tended to get elected. Rather than actually promoting the UK, and getting the best for the UK as well as others, they either just enjoyed the gravy train or just served their own little interests. By comparison MEPs from other countries are recognised by their own constituents and actually do something.
The commission is the EU civil service and impliments the directions voted for by MEPs.
It’s exactly the same relationship as Parliament and Whitehall.
Individual EU countries are then responsible for adopting, enacting etc EU directives. Most directives are there to provide a) a common playing field and b) to ensure that goods and services meet a high level of standard.
This would a cheesemaker in Cheshire to produce a product that they could sell direct to a consumer in Northern Finland, or to Southern Portugal, and the consumer would have the confidence that the product was safe and fit for consumption.
Or if you found filters for cooker hobs for sale in Italy you could by them direct in the UK and a few days later they turn up on your doorstep.
And if you are small business, with niche skills, expertise etc then you have a 350m market.
The whole beauty of a large common market is that it allows a small fishing business on west coast of Scotland to find a market in Spain for whelks and prawns which its own local consumers don’t eat.
The last three weeks are really showing how much UK is actually closely integrated with Europe and vice versa, and how much we will loose.
The only businesses that can afford to trade internationally without benefit of free markets are large businesses that can afford the overhead of filling in all the paperwork and to then ship in bulk.
And this then means you immediately start exporting value overseas.
So there is the example of a Cheshire cheese company. It now has to provide a vetinary certificate with every packet of cheese it sends to its large and growing European consumer base. This means its totally uneconomic.
So instead it is setting up a European distribution hub, to which it will sell its cheese at cost. The European hub will then do all the distribution.
Net effect to UK plc - The cheese company will just a few in its factory and make minimal profit. UK tax earned is PAYE on a few people and minimal corporation tax.
EU operation will employ many people ( who will all earn income tax) , make good profits (on which it will pay corporation tax) and VAT on all sales to its Consumers. Only benefit to UK will a little tax on the repatriated dividends.
Multiply that effect by lots of small businesses leaving and its effect is massive.
Yes Nissan has announced it is building a Battery Factory in the UK. It will be a fully automated state of the art facility employing about 10 people. And its products will be sold at cost price plus a tiny little margin to other parts of the supply chain within Nissan. Tax revenue for the UK is only really ever earned from large corporates in VAT when end product is sold to consumers.
Free trade is great for small businesses and thus the economy as a whole.
Borders, barriers to trade encourage monopolies and large corporates. What will happen to UK fishing - all the little markets and boats will go out of business, and there will be a few (probably foreign owned) large factory fishing boats with all the quota with forward contracts to large supermarkets.
And same will happen in lots of other industries and sectors.