IIRC, 5.56 is also loaded to a higher chamber pressure (62k IIRC) than standard .223 (which is 55k IIRC). Going off memory here on the actual numbers, so TIFWIW.
The big difference is the chamber, with the 5.56 having much more free bore, to alleviate the abrupt pressure curve of the hotter 5.56 loading (kind of like what Weatherby does for their chambers/cartridges). Most AR's (and some bolt guns) these days come with a Wilde chamber for this reason, which is a hybrid of 5.56 and .223 chamber specs. Hybrid in that it retains the tighter .223 chamber tolerances for the body of the case, while also having the free bore/lead of the 5.56 chamber to alleviate pressure spikes with the hotter ammo. This is why (if you have the right barrel twist) 5.56mm ammo is perfectly fine in many/most rifles/pistols. IIRC, some European made guns are tightly made to .223 specs (which honestly, is kind of dumb), and so, 5.56 ammo may not be recommended in those firearms.
Slowly, but surely, most firearms manufacturers are migrating their .223 rifles to a Wilde chamber spec (or something similar).
The big difference is the chamber, with the 5.56 having much more free bore, to alleviate the abrupt pressure curve of the hotter 5.56 loading (kind of like what Weatherby does for their chambers/cartridges). Most AR's (and some bolt guns) these days come with a Wilde chamber for this reason, which is a hybrid of 5.56 and .223 chamber specs. Hybrid in that it retains the tighter .223 chamber tolerances for the body of the case, while also having the free bore/lead of the 5.56 chamber to alleviate pressure spikes with the hotter ammo. This is why (if you have the right barrel twist) 5.56mm ammo is perfectly fine in many/most rifles/pistols. IIRC, some European made guns are tightly made to .223 specs (which honestly, is kind of dumb), and so, 5.56 ammo may not be recommended in those firearms.
Slowly, but surely, most firearms manufacturers are migrating their .223 rifles to a Wilde chamber spec (or something similar).
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